Chemistry 102: Chemical Reactions

Question 1

Chemical Reaction

Accepted Answer

A process in which one or more substances (reactants) are converted into different substances (products) through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds.

Question 2

Reactant

Accepted Answer

A substance that is consumed during a chemical reaction, written on the left side of a chemical equation.

Question 3

Product

Accepted Answer

A substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction, written on the right side of a chemical equation.

Question 4

Balanced Chemical Equation

Accepted Answer

A chemical equation in which the number of atoms of each element is equal on both the reactant and product sides, satisfying the law of conservation of mass.

Question 5

Law of Conservation of Mass

Accepted Answer

A principle stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction; the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products.

Question 6

Synthesis Reaction

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a single, more complex product (A + B -> AB).

Question 7

Decomposition Reaction

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances (AB -> A + B).

Question 8

Single Replacement Reaction

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which one element replaces another element in a compound (A + BC -> AC + B).

Question 9

Double Replacement Reaction

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which the cations and anions of two different compounds exchange partners (AB + CD -> AD + CB).

Question 10

Combustion Reaction

Accepted Answer

A rapid exothermic reaction in which a substance (usually a hydrocarbon) reacts with oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water.

Question 11

Exothermic Reaction

Accepted Answer

A chemical reaction that releases energy (usually as heat) to its surroundings, resulting in a negative change in enthalpy.

Question 12

Endothermic Reaction

Accepted Answer

A chemical reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings, resulting in a positive change in enthalpy.

Question 13

Activation Energy

Accepted Answer

The minimum amount of energy required for reactants to undergo a chemical reaction and form products.

Question 14

Catalyst

Accepted Answer

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy without being consumed in the process.

Question 15

Oxidation

Accepted Answer

A chemical process in which a substance loses electrons, often increasing its oxidation state.

Question 16

Reduction

Accepted Answer

A chemical process in which a substance gains electrons, often decreasing its oxidation state.

Question 17

Redox Reaction

Accepted Answer

A reaction involving the transfer of electrons between species, where one substance is oxidized and another is reduced.

Question 18

Mole

Accepted Answer

The SI unit for the amount of substance, equal to approximately 6.022 x 10^23 particles (Avogadro's number).

Question 19

Molarity

Accepted Answer

A measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution, expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L).

Question 20

Stoichiometry

Accepted Answer

The calculation of the quantities of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction based on the balanced equation.

Question 21

Limiting Reagent

Accepted Answer

The reactant that is completely consumed first in a chemical reaction, determining the maximum amount of product that can be formed.

Question 22

Equilibrium

Accepted Answer

A state in a reversible reaction where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, and concentrations remain constant.

Question 23

Le Chatelier's Principle

Accepted Answer

A principle stating that if a system at equilibrium is disturbed, it will shift in the direction that counteracts the disturbance to re-establish equilibrium.

Chemistry 102: Chemical Reactions

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