Pharmacology 101: Drug Classes

What are analgesics?

Drugs that relieve pain; includes non-opioids (acetaminophen, NSAIDs) and opioids (morphine, codeine)

What are antibiotics?

Drugs that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria; examples include penicillin, amoxicillin, and azithromycin

What are antihistamines?

Drugs that block histamine receptors to reduce allergy symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and runny nose

What are beta-blockers?

Drugs that reduce heart rate and blood pressure by blocking the effects of adrenaline; used for hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias

What are statins?

Drugs that lower LDL cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase in the liver; examples include atorvastatin and simvastatin

What are ACE inhibitors?

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors that lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels; examples include lisinopril and enalapril

What is the difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics?

Bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria directly; bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth, allowing the immune system to clear the infection

What are benzodiazepines?

Sedative drugs that enhance GABA activity to treat anxiety, insomnia, and seizures; examples include diazepam and lorazepam

What are NSAIDs?

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs that reduce pain, inflammation, and fever; examples include ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin

What are proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?

Drugs that reduce stomach acid production by blocking the hydrogen-potassium ATPase enzyme; used for GERD and ulcers